How to Say “And” in Japanese: Linking Adjectives with くて :And now, the lesson you’ve all been waiting for…how to to say “and” in Japanese! Actually, there are many ways to convey “and,” but today, we’re only focusing on i–adjectives. In this lesson, we’re going to learn how to say “and” by using くて (kute) to link two or more i–adjectives in one sentence.
Contents
- 1 Japanese Adjective Review
- 2 Japanese I-ADJECTIVES
- 3 Why Link Multiple Adjectives into One Sentence?
- 4 How to Conjugate I-Adjectives into the –Te Form
- 5 Japanese I-ADJECTIVES (NEGATIVE FORM)
- 6 Japanese I-ADJECTIVES (-TE FORM)
- 7 How to Link Two (or More) I-Adjectives in One Sentence
- 8 In Summary
- 9 Learn Japanese adjectives with BondLingo?
Japanese Adjective Review
Before we begin, let’s review a few common adjectives.
In Japanese, there are two types of adjectives: i–adjectives and na–adjectives. I-adjectives end in the hiragana character い (i), and na–adjectives end in な. Today, we are only focusing on i–adjectives.
Japanese I-ADJECTIVES
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
| 柔らかい | yawarakai | soft |
| 軽い | karui | light |
| 若い | wakai | young |
| 優しい | yasashii | kind |
| 強い | tsuyoi | strong |
| 高い | takai | high/tall |
| 古い | furui | old |
| 汚い | kitanai | dirty |
| 明るい | akarui | bright |
| 暗い | kurai | dark |
Now that we’ve familiarized ourselves with a few common i–adjectives, let’s create a some sentences utilizing them.
Note: Adding です (desu) to the end of the sentence makes it formal. Leaving it out makes the sentence casual.
このブランケットは柔らかいです。
Kono buranketto wa yawarakai desu.
This blanket is soft.
数学の先生は若い。
Suugaku no sensei wa wakai.
The math teacher is young.
風が強いです。
Kaze ga tsuyoi desu.
The wind is strong.
あのホテルは古い。
Ano hoteru wa furui.
That hotel is old.
彼女は性格が明るいです。
Kanojo wa seikaku ga akarui desu.
She has a bright personality.
Why Link Multiple Adjectives into One Sentence?
Let’s say you want to describe the features of a man in English. If you want to say that he’s strong and handsome, you don’t say:
de10The man is strong. The man is handsome.
That would get boring after a while, making a separate sentence for every feature. If we’re only describing one person (or thing), it’s much less repetitive to just link the adjectives together with “and” and form one sentence. Like so:
de00The man is strong and handsome.
There, that sounds much better!
The same goes for Japanese. When listing multiple features of one person or thing, keeping it all in one sentence by linking the adjectives makes for a much more concise description.
However, when linking two or more i–adjectives in Japanese, there is no “and.” You have to conjugate the i-adjective into the -te form in order to convey “and.”
How to Conjugate I-Adjectives into the –Te Form
There are two steps when conjugating an i–adjective into the -te form.
Step 1: Change the I-Adjective into the Nai (Negative) Form
In order to change an i–adjective into the nai form, you simply remove the final い character and replace it with くない (kunai). Check it out below!
Japanese I-ADJECTIVES (NEGATIVE FORM)
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
| 柔らか | yawaraka | soft ➝ not soft |
| 若 | waka | young ➝ not young |
| 強 | tsuyo | strong ➝ not strong |
| 古 | furu | old ➝ not old |
| 明る | akaru | bright ➝ not bright |
Step 2: Change the Nai Form into the –Te Form
In order to change the nai form into the –te form, you simply remove the ない (nai) at the end of the word and replace it with て (te).
Japanese I-ADJECTIVES (-TE FORM)
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
| 柔らかく | yawarakaku | not soft ➝ soft and… |
| 若く | wakaku | not young ➝ young and… |
| 強く | tsuyoku | not strong ➝ strong and… |
| 古く | furuku | not old ➝ old and… |
| 明るく | akaruku | not bright ➝ bright and… |
How to Link Two (or More) I-Adjectives in One Sentence
Now that we know how to conjugate i–adjectives into the -te form, let’s make some sentences! In order to connect two (or more) i–adjectives in one sentence, you just add as many i-adjectives in their -te form as you want. The final adjective is NOT conjugated into the -te form.
Note: The tense of the final adjective determines the tense of the sentence.
Let’s look at some examples below. The first example is the boring one that uses two separate sentences to describe one thing. The second one is the better one that describes it all in one sentence.
Examples:
de10このブランケットは柔らかいです。このブランケットは軽いです。de10
Kono buranketto wa yawarakai desu. Kono buranketto wa karui desu.de10
This blanket is soft. This blanket is light.
de00このブランケットは柔らかくて軽いです。de00
Kono buranketto wa yawarakakute karui desu.de00
This blanket is soft and light.
数学の先生は若くて優しかった。
Suugaku no sensei wa wakakute yasashikatta.
The math teacher was young and kind.
風が強くて、波は高いです。
Kaze ga tsuyokute, nami wa takai desu.
The wind is strong, and the waves are high.
あのホテルは古くて、暗くて、汚かった。
Ano hoteru wa furukute, kurakute, kitanakatta.
That hotel was old, dark, and dirty.
彼女は性格が明るくて優しいです。
Kanojo wa seikaku ga akarukute yasashii desu.
She has a bright and kind personality.null
In Summary
For brevity’s sake and to avoid unnecessary repetition, when describing one person or thing, we combine the adjectives into one sentence. In English, we use “and” to link adjectives. In Japanese, i–adjectives have to be conjugated into the -te form in order to be linked.
The -te form is created in two steps. First, you change the i-adjective into the negative (nai) form. Second, you remove the “nai” at the end of the word and replace it with “te.”
The tense of the sentence is determined by the tense of the final adjective.
Now that you have a new grammar point under your belt, it’s time to get out there and practice it! Remember, practice makes perfect, so make a date with your Japanese speaking partner today, and let’s get to it!
Learn Japanese adjectives with BondLingo?
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