The Ultimate Guide To Japanese adverbs : By now, you are probably at a level where you have a good understanding of the proper Japanese structure. Knowing the basics is the first step into sounding fluent, but one of the easiest ways to sound more fluent, is to add more description to your sentences, one of which is to add adverbs into the mix.
Contents
- 1 Master Japanese adverbs : The main character in this story
- 2 I-adjectives (Replacing い with く)
- 3 Na-adjectives(Adding に instead of な)
- 4 Adverbs that describe frequency
- 5 Adverbs not related to adjectives
- 6 Japanese Adverbs for verbs
- 7 Japanese Adverbs of degree
- 8 Japanese Adverbs : Amount
- 9 Others
- 10 Learn Japanese Adverbs with BondLingo?
Master Japanese adverbs : The main character in this story
What are Japanese adverbs?
To give you an idea what adverbs are, they are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. They are pretty much like adjectives except they don’t describe nouns! Examples can be words like “sometimes”, “always”, “slowly”, and “quickly”.
I-adjectives (Replacing い with く)
English | Romaji | Adjective | English | Romaji | Adverb |
Fast/quick | Hayai | 速い | Quickly | Hayaku | 速く |
Strong | Tsuyoi | 強い | Strongly | Tsuyoku | 強く |
Cute | Kawaii | かわいい | Cutely | Kawaiku | かわいく |
Cold | Tsumetai | 冷たい | Coldly | Tsumetaku | 冷たく |
Easy/Kind | Yasashii | 優しい | Kindly | Yasashiku | 優しく |
Na-adjectives(Adding に instead of な)
English | Romaji | Adjective | English | Romaji | Adverb |
Quiet | Shizuka na | しずかな | Quietly | Shizuka ni | しずかに |
Beautiful | Kirei na | きれいな | Beautifully | Kirei ni | きれいに |
Enthusiastic | Nesshin na | ねっしんな | Enthusiastically | Nesshin ni | ねっしんに |
Healthy | Genki na | 気きな | Lively/Energetically | Genki ni | 気きに |
Serious | Majime na | 真面目な | Seriously | Majime ni | 真面目に |
Adverbs that describe frequency
Typically similar to the functions of English adverbs, we use adverbs to describe the frequency or how often we do a certain action. We have the same type of adverbs in Japanese and we will be showing you just a few examples of common frequency adverbs used in Japanese sentences. There are plenty more types of adverbs out there but we will end with this for now! Please stand by for more useful adjectives that you can use to spice up your Japanese!
English | Romaji | Japanese |
Every+(morning) (day) (week) (month) | Mai+ asa nichi shuu tsuki | 毎朝 毎日 毎週 毎月 |
Always | Itsumo | いつも |
Usually/Normally | Futsuu Fudan | 普通(は) 普段(は) |
Often | Yoku Shocchuu Tabitabi | よく しょっちゅう たびたび |
Sometimes | Tokidoki | 時々 |
Occasionally | Tamani | たまに |
Rarely* | Amari | あまり |
Hardly* | Mettani | めったに |
In our previous blog we discussed adverbs that originated from i-keyoushi and na-keyoushi adjectives. As a plus, we will also show you more adverbs to modify verbs that do not originate from adjectives.
English | Romaji | Japanese |
In succession/one after another | Tsugitsugi (ni) | 次々に |
Gradually | Jyojyo ni | 徐々に |
Little by little/ getting | Dandan | だんだん |
Quietly, freely, leisurely | Nonbiri | のんびり |
Slowly | Yukkuri | ゆっくり |
Very hard | Isshokenmei | 一所懸命 |
Easily, readily, quickly, flatly (refuse) | Assari | あっさり |
Carelessly | Ukkari | うっかり |
Japanese Adverbs for verbs
In our previous blog we discussed adverbs that originated from i-keyoushi and na-keyoushi adjectives. As a plus, we will also show you more adverbs to modify verbs that do not originate from adjectives.
English | Romaji | Japanese |
In succession/one after another | Tsugitsugi (ni) | 次々に |
Gradually | Jyojyo ni | 徐々に |
Little by little/ getting | Dandan | だんだん |
Quietly, freely, leisurely | Nonbiri | のんびり |
Slowly | Yukkuri | ゆっくり |
Very hard | Isshokenmei | 一所懸命 |
Easily, readily, quickly, flatly (refuse) | Assari | あっさり |
Carelessly | Ukkari | うっかり |
Japanese Adverbs of degree
Degree
These adverbs can both be used for adjectives, verbs and even other adverbs. On a side note, remember that adverbs can be placed almost anywhere in a sentence so it may appear before or after the word it’s modifying. Do not hesitate to experiment with the placement of your adverbs. Practice will definitely help you easily create and manipulate sentences to sound more fluent.
High degree
English | Romaji | Japanese |
Extremely | Sawamete | 極めて |
Very much | Hijouni | 非常に |
Really | Jitsuni Hontouni (very casual) | 実に 本当に |
Very | Totemo Zuibun Taihen (-) | とても ずいぶん 大変 |
Mid degree
English | Romaji | Japanese |
Fairly | Kanari | かなり |
Considerably | Soutou | 相当 |
Quite/mostly | Daibu | だいぶ |
Low degree
English | Romaji | Japanese |
Quite | Naka naka | なかなか |
Passable (not good,not bad) | Maa maa | まあまあ |
Reasonably | Sokosoko | そこそこ |
Not very/ not much | Amari* Taishite* | あまり たいして |
Not at all | Zenzen* | ぜんぜん |
Japanese Adverbs : Amount
For this particular adverb, the type itself is very self explanatory. It modifies verbs by describing how much the word you are talking about is. In this case, not necessarily mentioning the number, but an approximation. This adverb is usually found before the verb or before the direct object you are trying to modify. We’ll give you examples for each adverb so please try making your own sentences as well for practice!
English | Romaji | Japanese |
More | Motto | もっと |
A bit more, more, another | Mou Chotto Mou Sukoshi | もうちょっと もう少し |
Entirely, wholly, all、everything | Subete Zenbu | 全て 全部 |
Completely, thoroughly | Sukkari | すっかり |
A lot, many | Takusan | たくさん |
Enough, sufficiently | Jyuubun | 十分 |
Not very | Amari | あまり* |
A little, a few | Sukoshi | 少し |
Just a little, a little | Chotto | ちょっと |
Mostly, nearly, almost, hardly | Hotondo | ほとんど* |
Not at all | Zenzen | 全然* |
Others
Like we said earlier, there are so many adverbs out there! There are some adverbs that cannot be categorized and we will show you some of them below. Although uncategorized, the functions are the same and still has the purpose of elaborating and modifying. Below are a few samples.
English | Romaji | Japanese |
As much as possible | Narubeku | なるべく |
More or less | Ichiou | 一応 |
At last | Youyaku Yatto | ようやく やっと |
Finally | Toutou Tsuini | とうとう ついに |
Rather | Mushiro | むしろ |
Increasingly, more and more | Masumasu | ますます |
Too, likewise, still, even so, either way, as expected, typically, in any event, after all | Yahari Yappari | やはり やっぱり |