These are just some of the cool sentences we are going to learn today, all in the past tense in Japanese.
Today we are going to be looking creating sentences in the past tense as well as This lesson will be split up into 4 separate sections.
Contents
How to use past tense in Japanese
- The Vocab
- The Grammar
- Sentences
- Summary
The Vocabulary
- せんしゅう Senshuu – Last week
- きょねん Kyonen – Last Year
- せんげつ Sengetsu – Last Month
- とぶ Tobu – To Fly
- ころす Korosu – To Kill
- およぐ Oyogu – To Swim
- まつ Matsu – To wait
- いう Iu – To say
- すわる Suwaru – To sit
- おどる Odoru – To dance
So first we are going to look at turning a simple “am” or “is” sentence into a “was” sentence.
So first you need to remember that
Desu です – becomes – Deshita でした
Da だ – becomes – だった
Let’s take a look at a sentence example.
This is my pen
Kore wa boku no pen desu
これは僕のペンです
This was my Pen
Kore wa boku no pen deshita
これは僕のペンでした
Shota Sensei is a friend
Shouta sensei wa tomodachi da
しょうた先生は友達だ
Shota sensei was a friend.
Shouta sensei wa tomodachi datta
しょうた先生は友達だった
The Grammar
So its really easy to turn is and am sentences into past.
However, it’s not so easy to turn verbs into past tense in Japanese. Lets try and tackle this now. So as you may remember from the last lesson, Japanese verbs are split into 3 groups.
- Group 1 : IRU/ERU Verbs – Verbs that end in IRU いるand ERUえる
- Group 2 : Verbs in group 2 end with syllables ku (く), gu (ぐ), su (す), mu (む), nu (ぬ), bu (ぶ), u (う), tsu (つ), or ru (る).
- Group 3 : Is made up of only 2 verbs, Suruする and Kuru くる
So depending on the group, the verb will conjugate differently into the past form. All duictionary form past verbs end with an “A” sounds so be mindful of this
We will start with the easiest group, group 1 – Iru + Eru verbs
To change this groupt to past tense in Japanese all you do is take off the “ru” and add “ta
(Eat) Taberu becomes (Ate) Tabeta
(See) Miru becomes (Saw) Mita
It’s that easy. However group 2 is much more difficult so we will come back to that and move to group 3 – suru and kuru
(Do) Suru becomes (Did) Shita
(Come) Kuru becomes (Came) Kita
For this group you only have to remember these 2 verbs, these guys are the exceptions.
Now onto group 2. As you know the endings are made up of many different U characters:
ku (く), gu (ぐ), su (す), mu (む), nu (ぬ), bu (ぶ), u (う), tsu (つ), ru (る).
Each of these characters have their own rules that you have to remember,
ku (く) becomes ita (いた) eg - kiku – kiita = asked
gu (ぐ) becomes ida (いだ) eg – oyogu – Oyoida = swam
su (す) becomes shita (した) eg - korosu – Koroshita = killed
mu (む) becomes nda (んだ) eg - nomu – nonda = drank
nu (ぬ) becomes nda (んだ) eg – shinu – shinda = died
bu (ぶ) becomes nda (んだ) eg – tobu – tonda = flew
u (う) becomes tta (った) eg – kau – katta = bought
tsu (つ) becomes tta (った) eg – matsu – matta = waited
ru (る) becomes tta (った) eg – suwaru – suwatta = Sat
Sentences
Once you get used to these endings it does get easy and almost automatic, my advice is to write lists of the verbs you know and try and conjugate them into the past. The more you do it, the better you get.
So now lets take a look at some sentences to make sure we really understand how to use past sentences.
先週、リンゴを食べた
せんしゅう、リンゴをたべた
Last week I ate an apple
せんしゅう、かのじょとおどった
先月、彼女と踊った
Last month I danced with my girlfriend
きょねん、ぼくはいぬだった
去年、僕は犬だった
Last year I was a dog
きのう、にほんごをべんきょうした
昨日、日本語を勉強した
I studied Japanese yesterday
ほんをかいた
本を書いた
I wrote a book
lets have a look at the summary for today.
In standard is/ am sentences
Desu です – becomes – Deshita でした
Da だ – becomes – だった
To make was sentences
Depending on each verb group the ending of the verb conjugates differently
Make sure to practice writing out as many verbs as you can and conjugate them on paper or in your head.
Okay guys hope you enjoyed todays lesson and have a great day.